Flashing a CMU/Cultured stone chimney [Archive] - Home Construction Forums

PDA

View Full Version : Flashing a CMU/Cultured stone chimney


PaulAmaranth
10-16-2006, 08:27 PM
I'm looking for any experience on this one. None of my contractors have had experience with this and I'm getting a little tired of being the experiment.

I have a large (8 ft x 3 ft) CMU chimney that comes up through the central section of the roof. The idea being that it will be covered in cultured stone to match the exterior walls which are cultured stone and cedar.

The first time we did it, the masons put a bunch of nails through the flashing and the chimney leaked. That roofing contractor left the state. The cultured stone specs say to leave a 2 inch gap above the roof. The looked fairly ugly.

We ripped off half the stone, redid the flashing, redid the stone and mortared the joints. The chimney leaked. That roofing contractor ended up in jail. The chimney appeared to leak when water was directed against the middle of one of the side walls, but not when flooding the flashing. The stone was not applied on a 1/2 inch scratch coat as specified by the manufacturer, but varied to as little as 1/16. When the stone was reapplied, the roof gap was not constant, angling up on one side looking even uglier than before.

We ripped off ALL the stone and mortar this time down to the bare block. Any suspect joints were tuck pointed. It appeared that the last flashing job was bad, there were gaps in the original mortar joints in the CMU and there may have been possible leakage paths through the scratch coat.

The cultured stone manufacturer says that a 1/2 inch scratch coat over CMU is sufficient to provide a waterproof surface. There has also been a run of stone recently that allowed water penetration, according to some of my local sources. I'm not willing to depend on a sealer as the primary water barrier.

When I say the chimney leaks, the block is unfinished in the interior with a couple of open areas near the ceiling. Water drips from the block cores at the open areas. If I had finished the interior, I never would have seen it until the roof rotted out. Apparently, the water was able to get behind the flashing and into the block cores.

I'm tired of leaks and I'm really tired of tearing this thing apart. My current roofing contract came highly recommended, although I'm beginning to wonder, and I think we're closer, but not there yet. Here's what we've done this time:

Grace ice and water shield was used as a flashing membrane between the roof and about 6" up the CMU chimney. A curb was constructed around the chimney out of 2x material and fastened to the roof sheathing. A copper Z flashing was installed over the curb on the long sides, nailed to the roof and sealed to the chimney with more Grace. On the sides, step flashing is attached to the roof and a Z flashing is set over that , fastened to the curb and sealed to the chimney with Grace. My contractor then covered all exposed block with more Grace. The next step would be to apply metal lath on top of the Grace and then apply the cultured stone to that. The curb provides a nice transition for the stone and allows the copper flashing to be seen. That idea I like.

I have a number of problems with this.

1) Grace I&W seals the flashing to the chimney. There is no provision for independant movement of the roof and chimney structure. Now because of the roof/chimney construction details, there shouldn't be much movement, but still... When questioned, my contractor said the Grace will give. Because of the previous leaks, he was trying to avoid cutting into the block and opening potential leakage paths.

2) Because I had some concerns that the Grace was not specified as a mortar underlayment, I was going to either replace or overlay it with a CMU waterproofing membrane which has a PVC layer specified for mortar underlayment. It's been about a week, the weather turned a little cold and the Grace has already separated from the block in some areas. Clearly this is not a good solution and I would not want to apply the membrane over either the Grace or the current Z flashing. The contractor is offering to come out, cut out the stuff that has pulled away and put more Grace on it. This does not sound like a good solution. Since the Grace is not bonding to the block, the top joint where the Grace ends could serve to funnel water down behind the whole mess. That joint was sealed with Silicone, which I wouldn't trust to hold for more than a week.

I am not a roofing expert, but it seems the way this should be done is to use normal flashing/counterflashing over the curb with the counterflashing cut into the block about 6" above the curb and mortared (not caulked) in place, then apply the masonry membrane over the exposed block and over the top of the counterflashing, tapcon the lath in place and then apply the scratch coat and cultured stone. That way the chimney and roof can move and there are no leakage paths to or through the block.

However this is built better last for 50 years since the stone would have to be torn off to fix it and a leak would result in water damage to a structural insulating panel that would cost $$$ to replace (not to mention ripping the center of the house apart).

Anyone got any comments or ideas? Does my contractor's solution seem odd to anyone? Has anyone built one like this? I can't believe I'm the only one dumb enough to have built something like this.

Rich
10-17-2006, 10:10 AM
In a typical installation - you hit it right on the head - a reglet cut into the block with a mortared step flashing into that and adhered to the roof like normal step flashing. Not sure if your roof slope continues on above the chimney - if so, a cricket should be formed on that portion to let water flow to the sides (follow the same reglet design with a continuous flashing mortared into the block).

Rich
10-17-2006, 10:14 AM
Here's a couple links that show the proper way.
http://fourseasonsroofingandsiding.com/chimney_flashing/index.htm
http://fourseasonsroofingandsiding.com/copperreglet.htm

PaulAmaranth
10-17-2006, 07:59 PM
Thanks, that was some nice work.

With the cultured stone, it's a little different. Most of the time, people build a wood framework, tyvek it, flash it, staple lath to it and put the stone on. I needed a masonry fireplace for the thermal mass, but using real stone was out of the cost ballpark. Maybe not after all this is over. Anyway, I'm using a dry stack ledgestone which looks pretty good for a fake stone, but you can't flash it like real stone.

I've attached a couple of sketches. The first shows what is currently there. The flashing is nailed to the roof and held to the masonry with Grace. The top with the cricket is similar while the sides have step flashing on the roof while the counterflashing is fastened to the Z flashing on the top and bottom. This is a pretty bastardized job.

The second is what I think it should be changed to., although in something of an exploded view. Some of the current flashing may be used in place and some might need to be redone. It gets pretty complicated around the sides and front which has a small cricket. I don't see any harm in leaving the Grace over the curb since it is no longer the primary seal. When everything is assembled, the stone will overhang the counterflashing by about an inch. I think an important point for the counterflashing is to follow the mortar joint since if you make a 1 inch cut on block you'll cut into the core. Since it's 8 inch block, that's a lot of copper on the sides. I suppose I could have bought a lot of copper for what I've put into this so far. The membrane is self sealing for fasteners, so any tapcons holding the lath would not be a source of leaks. And if the scratch coat is properly applied, it should also be waterproof. I'm trying to avoid a single point of failure.

Apparently the real problem is finding someone who can make flashing without depending on silicone to seal everything. I did all the rest of the flashings on the house for the doors, windows, trim and stone ledge. I will be making a cap to cover the exposed joint at the top of the cultured stone, but I am really trying to not do this one. Looks like I'm about out of weather for the year anyway.

Anyone have any examples of cultured stone chimneys?

thanks

Rich
10-18-2006, 06:49 AM
Here are examples from the cultured stone website..
Rake Wall (sides of chimney) this is using wood studs and sheathing but the same applies.
http://www.culturedstone.com/technical/flashingdetail18a.asp
Cricket at top of chimney.
http://www.culturedstone.com/technical/flashingdetail20a.asp

I don't see any curbs in these drawings either. For regular masonry stone (weight is the biggest concern) there would need to be a ledger (curb) for the stone to sit on. With cultured stone there is very little weight - take one piece by itself and stick it to a wall and it's highly unlikely it will fall off (using scratch coat etc).

PaulAmaranth
10-19-2006, 05:28 AM
The first two times we left that 2 inch gap with no curb and it looks very ugly., particularlly with ledgestone.

The construction detail on the CS site shows a wood frame that is essentially part of the roof structure so the flashing detail is just a regular wall flashing - there's no independant movement assumed between the roof and chimney. What my contractor did would be fine if it wasn't a block chimney.

MCC
01-07-2007, 04:24 PM
Hi,

First Off When We Apply Cultured Stone Directly Over Block We Damproof The Block Prior To The Scratch Coat. Second The Stone Should Be At Least Two Inches From The Roof. One Thing I Didn't Hear You Mention Was If The Roof Had A Cricket Frame Behind The Chimney This Is Important To Dissipate Water Faster. If You Don't Like The Gap At The Stone And From You Can Cut In A Reglet And Put A Secondary Flashing For Cosmetic Purposes Also Is The Top Properly Caped It Should Be Done With Copper Or A Metal.

Michael Olding
10-31-2008, 03:05 AM
I have looked at many of these chimneys build 25 - 30 years ago and they are basically in failure. The 'lick and stick' material is a 25 yr material.

Unless installed perfectly the first time, covered by a well designed crown and sealed every 10 years... it just isn't going to hold up long and are prone to irritating leaks.

Many of these chimney will have a sunken roof area around the chimney where water has leached just enough to rot the roof but not enough to show on the interior at least now until it gets bad.

Richard A Hetzel
10-31-2008, 05:53 AM
Stone is generally quite permeable, and concrete blocks are akin to sponges. The proper way to flash a chimney of such materials is to completely encase the chimney in metal flashing, from the cap right down to the roof flashing. This is usually done by stepping the block dwon a size, installing the flashing, and then installing block outside the flashing, Then, install the stone, assuming the stone is thin veneer.

If the stone is a full nominal 4-inch thickness, then the step which supports the stone is sufficient, and the stone is installed over the flashing. Done this way, the roof will leak long before the chimney does. This is the classic way to build and flash a stone chimney, and we never see it done. It is as though the method has just been forgotten, but if one looks in old books like early Architectural Graphic Standards, it's there.

Michael Olding
10-31-2008, 11:33 AM
Yes Richard you are right and like most good design practices they just don't seem to catch on anymore!

Richard A Hetzel
10-31-2008, 02:04 PM
Oh, but we design by computers now...therefore our brains are in neutral. Well, some of us...but not me.

Don_P
11-03-2008, 05:40 PM
There's a good article on soldered chimney flashing in this month's JLC.